Level

The Aeneid IV (381-396)

By Virgil

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I, sequere Italiam ventis, pete regna per undas.
Spero equidem mediis, si quid pia numina possunt,
supplicia hausurum scopulis, et nomine Dido
saepe vocaturum. Sequar atris ignibus absens,
et, cum frigida mors anima seduxerit artus,
omnibus umbra locis adero. Dabis, improbe, poenas.
Audiam et haec Manis veniet mihi fama sub imos.'
His medium dictis sermonem abrumpit, et auras
aegra fugit, seque ex oculis avertit et aufert,
linquens multa metu cunctantem et multa parantem
dicere. Suscipiunt famulae, conlapsaque membra
marmoreo referunt thalamo stratisque reponunt.
At pius Aeneas, quamquam lenire dolentem
solando cupit et dictis avertere curas,
multa gemens magnoque animum labefactus amore,
iussa tamen divom exsequitur, classemque revisit.

Go, make for Italy on the winds, seek a kingdom through the waves
I hope that you will drain a bitter cup midway on the rocks
if divine order can make it so, and that you will often call Dido by name
I will follow, though absent, with black fires
And when cold death will have led my spirit from my body
I will be present in all places like a shade. You shameless man, will pay the punishment
I will hear and news of this will reach me in the depths below"
With these words she stops mid-speech, and flees the light in anguish
She turns and removes herself from sight
Leaving him frightened, hesitant and preparing many phrases
The servents support her, they carry off her swooning limbs
to her marble chamber and put her on the bed
But dutiful Aeneas, although he wants to console the one in pain
by consoling and to turn aside her sorrow with words,
much groaning shaken to his heart by his great love
nevertheless he follows the orders of the gods, he returns to the fleet

Summary of analyses

per undas | scopulis

Repetition:

many words to do with the sea, but now used as a weapon

spero

Future Promoted Verb:

shows her future presence and suggests a sort of supernaturality in Dido

supplicia hausurum

Sibilance:

a sinister tone is created towards Aeneas

atris ignibus absens

Sibilance:

a further sinister tone is created towards Aeneas

sequar

Paradox:

it is impossible to follow one once one is dead, therefore Dido demonstrates her furor and confusion

anima seduxerit artus

Emphatic Word Order:

the soul ('anima') and her body ('artus') surround her leading ('seduxerit'), emphasising her suicide

omnibus umbra locis

Enclosing Word Order:

Dido will be a shade ('umbra') in all ('omnibus') places ('locis'), emphasising the meaning

auras \ aegra fugit

Enjambement:

Dido literally flees ('fugit') the light ('auras') by dropping to the next line

parantem \ dicere

Enjambement:

the broken structure shows how he is unable to say, or express ('dicere') that which he wants to

suspiciunt

Promoted Verb:

shows the immediacy of Dido's collapse with the verb being pushed to the front

marmoreo

Contrast:

the contrasting settings of the stormy seas of the past versus the marble chamber shows Dido's furor and detatchement from her duty

referunt | revisit

Cyclical Structure:

Dido leaves, Aeneas goes, showing the ending of their relations

pius Aeneas

Epithet:

we have returned to the good old, classic pious Aeneas!

animum labefactus amore

Contrast:

Aeneas' duty ('animum') against his love ('amore') showing his struggle to leave, but he has settled for his duty

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